索引
(索引中的页码为本书页边码)
Abraham's Sacrifice(ship),37
Adams,John,28,301
Adriaensen,Willem,127
Allerton,Isaac,126,140
Amboyna(Ambon),72-73,248,260-61
Amboyna:A Tragedy(Dryden),73
America:Anglocentrism of history,220,302-3,311-12,339n.196,344n.263,349-50n.314;anti-Dutch bias,311,319,349-50n.314;Articles of Capitulation and Bill of Rights,304-5,315;democratic government,Dutch influence,28,100,198-208,220-21,244-45;as divinely anointed,302;Dutch colonies and settlers (see Manhattan;New Netherland);Dutch linguistic and cultural legacy,2,269-71,310-18,349-50n.314;English colonies and settlers,35,71-72,87,115,157-61;English land grants and bogus claims,185-87;English roots,2,157,284;first bounty hunter,188;first district attorney or public prosecutor,313-14,349-50n.314;first permanent European settlement,23;first New World settlement founded by a woman,160;Flushing Remonstrance and First Amendment,276;“forest Finns,” 277-79,279n.,316;fur trade,33,35,75-81,126,179,182,194;homosexuality,187-89;ideas of liberty,284-85,304-5;immigration,seventeenth-century,37-38,40-49,61;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25;log cabin building,279,279n.;Manifest Destiny,302,317;melting pot,Dutch colony and,312,313;merchant and trade groups (see West India Company);multiculturalism and revival of interest in Dutch colonial history,312;myth of origin,301,302-3,317;national character,Dutch influence,28;“natural law,” 264,345n.264;religious freedom,Dutch influence,96-97,274-76;religious pluralism,276-77,312-13;slavery and Royal African Company,293;Swedish colony,88-89,114-17;tobacco,194-95;transatlantic crossing,37;utopian community,220. See also Manhattan;New England;New Netherland
American Cookery(Simmons),270
American Revolution,80,100,156,320
amputation,147
Amsterdam:amenities,40,212-13;art and printing,214;creation of American colony,New Amstel,282-83;Descartes in,97,213;discovery of Van Rappard documents,53,53n.;Free University of,142;fur trading and,35;harborfront,33;inn of Pieter de Winter,85,110;Jewish community,275;letter by Van der Donck to Dr. La Montagne,in Municipal Archives,231;liberality and tolerance,2-3,26,61;Netherlands Maritime Museum,149;populace,melting pot,213;prosperity and Golden Age,212-13;prostitution,214;seventeenth-century,25;tobacco trade and,194-95,195n.;Town Hall,214-15,215n.;Walloon Church,41;West India House,48,75,154
Amundsen,Roald,34n.
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp,The(Rembrandt),40,328n.35
Arminius,96,97
Arms of Amsterdam,54
Articles of Capitulation,304-5,307,315
Austrian National Library,217-18
Bacon,Nathaniel,120
Barents,Willem,28-29
Barsimon,Jacob,275
Baxter,George,181,237,264
Baxter,Thomas,260,263
Bayard,Judith,153-54,154n.,168,169,176,208,233,234
Beck,Matthais,274
Beech,Nan,111,127
Belgium,16,40,70,232n.
Bentyn,Jacques,122
Bermuda,37-38
Blaeu,Johannes,225
Blake,Robert,248
Blauvelt,Willem,83,187,194,207-8
Block,Adriaen,34,225
Blommaert,Samuel,88
Bogardus,Everadus,140,141,165,179,191,335n.141
Bol,Jan Claesen,179
Bonomi,Patricia,312
Bout,Jan Evertsen,111,197,207,212,213,231
Bradford,William,95,136
Brazil,144,149,150-52,277
Breda,Holland,93,94-95,153,154n.,176,225-26
“Broad Advice,” 124,336n.148
Brodhead,John Romeyn,52,263,311
Bronck,Jonas,140,290
Bronx(Bronck),140;Anne Hutchinson in Pelham Bay,160;River,163
Brooklyn(Breuckelen),127,192,262;Ferry 263,296;Flatbush(Vlackebos),262;Lady Deborah Moody's Gravesend,160,262
Brown,William,126
Browne,Robert,45
Burr,Aaron,5,321
Cabot,John,15-16,18-19,74
Calvin,John,156
Calvinism,61,68,85,96,153,168,169,170,187,274-75
Camden,New Jersey,181
Cape Henlopen,88,115
Cape May,40,88,115,277
Castellio,Sebastian,96-97
Catskill Mountains,134,138-39
Chambers,Thomas,126
Chancellor,Richard,18
Charles Ⅰ,45,67-74,96,219,222;art and artists and,69-70;Civil War and,155-58,219;daughter's marriage to Willem Ⅱ,222
Charles Ⅱ,King of England,3,219,286;takeover of Dutch colonies,289,291-300,307
Christina,Queen of Sweden,88,115,213
Christoph,Peter,4,323
Coen,Jan Pieterszoon,63
Congo,Antony,83,165
Connecticut,158,164,180,237-38,260,286-90
Connecticut River(Fresh River),34,43,87,237
Coorn,Nicolaes,188
Coriolanus(Shakespeare),15
Cornelissen,Gelain,108
Crèvecoeur,J.Hector St.John de,313,321,351n.321
Cromwell,Oliver,164,219,245-47;Anglo-Dutch Wars and,247-50,261,265;capture of Jamaica,247;George Downing and,285-86;Western Design,261,265
Croon,Lysbeth,241
Crossed Heart,The(ship),306
Cunaeus(Piet van der Cun),100
Curaçao,146,149,150,151,152,168,179,274,288,306
Curaçao Papers,221
Dandrada,Salvador,275
Dee,John,16-17
De Forest,Isaac,107
De Graaf,Reinier,98
De Hondt,Joost,29
De Jure Bellli ac Pacis(Grotius),210
Dela Croix,Jeronimus,77
Delaware Bay,31,88-89,183
Delaware Indians,32,42,184
Delaware River(South River),34,43,44,58,88;English threat to Dutch control,183;New Amstel settlement,282-83;New Sweden and,114-17,164-65,181-184,277-79
De Lucena,Abraham,275
democracy,100;American Revolution and,156;English Civil War and,156-57,219;forerunner,Peace of Westphalia,210;Manhattan and representative government,198-208,229,244-45;political activism,seventeenth-century and,219;Van den Enden's coterie,220
De Rasière,Isaack,54,55,58,59,62-63,64
De Ruyter,Michiel,299
Descartes,René,97-98,100,101-2,154,171,213,310
Description of New Netherland,A(Van der Donck),136-38,137n.,251-52;second edition,281-82
Description of the Province of New Albion,A(Plantagenet),187
De Sille,Nicasius,297
De Truy,Philip,200
De Vernuis,Jacque,106-7
De Vries,David,81-82,83,107,119-20,121-22,123-24,125,173,173n,333n.108
De Wale,Johannes,98
De Winter,Jacob,253
De Witt,Jan,241,248,265,286,291
De Wolff,Dirck,268
Dijckman,Johannes,325,351n.325
Dircksen,Willem,126
Discourse on Method(Descartes),98,102
Discourses and Mathematical
Demonstrations Concerning Two Sciences(Galileo),97
Documents Relating to New Netherland,1624-1626,in the Henry E. Huntington Library,53n.
Dokkum,Netherlands,148
Dongan,Thomas,276-77
Doughty,Francis,160-61,164,165,264,281
Doughty,Mary,161,166,176,195-96,207,245,281
Downing,George,285-88,290,291,295,299
Drake,Sir Francis,18
Dryden,John,73
Dutch Antilles,146
Dutch East India Company(VOC),24,26,29-30,52,102
Dutch Republic. See Netherlands
Dutch West India Company,39-40,47,48,52,53,55,56,61,62,63,75,81,87,88,100,102,105,106,108,113,117,122,140,141,144-45,151,189,193,228,275;American appeal to be separate from,165,193-98,206-8,216-31,240-45;Anglo-Dutch Wars and resurgence of power,249,259-60;English takeover of American colonies and,288,299-300;failure of,224,242;Long Island towns and,264;Manhattan focus of(1655),277;Manhattan purchased for,3,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;peace treaty with Indians ordered,161;Peter Stuyvesant and,146-55,161,165,306,324,341-42n.228;reversal of ruling against,245,249;slave trade,273-74,291;soldier's pay,57,330n.57
D'Wys,Gulyam,259
East Indies,25-26,63,68,71,72-73,248
Eaton,Theophilus,236,236n.,237,238
Eighty Years'War,210
Elizabeth Ⅰ,Queen of England,16,18,68
Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies,312
Endecott,John,160,237-38
England:American colonies and settlers,2,3,35,87,115;Anglo-Dutch Wars,247-50,259-61,265,307-8;Charles Ⅰ and Personal Rule,67-74;Church of England,156;Civil War,155-58,164,246-47,337n.164;as colonial power,113;Cromwell's Western Design,261,265;defeat of the Spanish Armada,18,29;disputation of Dutch claims to New York,73-75,81-82,115,181;Dutch alliance,45,67-74;Dutch Republic,contrast with,26,27;Dutch Republic,politics and,30;economy and trade,15,17,18,34,247;East Indies and,71,72-73;exploration,13-14,15-16,17-24;Glorious Revolution,308-9;Henry Hudson,desire for return of,30,33-34;India and,73,113;invasion of New Netherland,aborted,261,265;land grants in colonies,186;merchant and shipping companies,13-15,23-24,35-36;Navigation Act,247;Protestantism and Cromwell,155-58,246;religious persecution,158-59;Restoration,286,289;seizure of Unity,71-72,73-74;Spain and,69-70;takeover of Manhattan and New Netherlands,3,8,216,284-300;Whitehall Palace,70
Episcopius,Simon,97
Erasmus,Desiderius,171
Erie Canal,8,81,316-17
Exercitatio Anatomica De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus(Harvey),63
exploration:America and Canada,by Henry Hudson,31-35;Arctic,17-22,327n.21;circumnavigation of the globe,18;Dutch,28-30;English,15-24;“established theory,”20,327n.21;maps and mapmakers,16,17,29;search for a northern passage to Asia,17-24,28-30,34-35,34n.;Spanish,17;Strait of the Three Brothers,17. See also Hudson,Henry
Eyckenboom,Den(“The Oak Tree”),103,108,333n.108
Farret,John,149-50,152-53,154,179
Fernando de Noronha Island,149
Finns,277-79,279n.,316
Fishkill,New York,41-42
Flipsen(Philipse),Frederick,269
Flushing(Vlissingen),New York,207,262,264
Flushing Remonstrance,276
Forrester,Andrew,185-86
Fort Orange(Albany),46-47,49,52,58,59,65,75-76,87,102,109,139,162,188,190,295,308,316;Beverwyck,267-68,308;Dutch legacy in place names,310;as Willemstad,308
Fortune(ship),37
Fox,Dixon Ryan,344n.263
France:fur trade in America and Indian alliances,76,79;Henry Hudson and,30
Franklin,Benjamin,321,351n.321
Frederik Hendrik,Prince of Orange,45,222
Frijhoff,Willem,142-43,143n.
Frisius,Gemma,16,17
for trade,33,35,39,44-45,75-81,126,182;beaver hats,76;beaver pelts per year passing through Manhattan,194;wreck of the Princess and,179,191
Galileo,97,99
Geddes,Jenny,155,157
Gehring,Charles,1,4-6,7,52,53n.,142-43,151,271,323-25,35 In.322
Geraerdy,Philip,107
Gerrit,Manuel “The Giant,” 84,300
Gerritsen,Philip,141
Gerritson,William,161
Goderis,Joost,259
Goedhuys,Diederik Willem,137n.
Gomarus,96
Gorges,Sir Ferdinando,186
Grotius,Hugo,99-100,137,154,171,178,210,264,310,345n.264
Gustavus Adolphus,King of Sweden,61,88,210
Hackinsack Indians,119,164
Hakluyt,Richard,19-20
Hall,Thomas,171,185,197
Halve Maen(ship),31,206
Hartford,Connecticut,82,87,237,287,290;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243;Huyshope Avenue and Dutch origins,238,238n.
Harvard,John,285
Harvey,William,63,67,98
Heckewelder,John,32
Hempstead(Heemsteede),New York,262-63
Hendricksz,Jeuriaen,126
Henrietta,Duchess of Orleans,307
Henri Ⅳ,King of France,30
Herman,Augustin,171,185,197,198,201,207,219,235,242;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25
Heyn,Piet,63
Hoboken,New Jersey,241
Holland,93,93n. See also Netherlands
Holmers,Willem,126
Holmes,Robert,295
homosexuality,187-89
Hooglandt,Cornelis,127
Hooker,Thomas,87
Hopewell(ship),20,21-22
Hopkins,Edward,237,238
Hudde,Andries,127
Hudson,Henry,5,9;American exploration,31-35,96,206,225;background,19;crew mutinies,22,35,328n.35;death,35,328n.35;discovery of Manhattan and Hudson River,32-33;Dutch sponsorship,24,26,29,81,96,206,328n.29;first voyage,20-21;Indian encounters,32,33;influence,35;lack of historical recognition,18-19;London house,326-27n.13;Muscovy Company and,13-14,19-24,327n.14;political intrigue,29-30;search for northern passage,19-22,34-35,34n.;second voyage,21-22;ships,20,21-22,31
Hudson,John,21,35
Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait,34,35
Hudson River,5,8,32-33,34,38;Dutch settlements on,46-47,58,75-81,102-4;Indians of,38;as North River,43;as River Mauritius,38. See also Manhattan
Huguenots,153
Huntington,Henry E.,53
Huron Indians,79
Hutchinson,Anne,160
India,73,113
Indians. See Native Americans
Iroquois League,80
Irving,Washington,3
Ivan the Terrible,18
Jacobs,Jaap,82
James Ⅰ,King of England,30,35,45,186
James Ⅱ,Duke of York,3,292-93,294;American land grant,294;as King James Ⅱ,308,320;Manhattanites'freedoms and,305
Jansen,Hendric,108,127
Jansen,Tonis,108
Janszen,Michael,185,197,198,200
Japan,291
Java,63
Jeannin,Pierre,30
Jefferson,Thomas,98
Jersey City,New Jersey,123,241
Jews:in America,9,275;in Dutch Republic,26,95,275;Stuyvesant and,275
Joachimi,Albert,70-71,87,157-58,192
Jogues,Isaac,333n.107
Johnson,Jeremiah,136
Juet,Robert,32,33
Kalmar Nyckel(ship),88,115
Kidd,William,106
Kieft,Willem,108,112-28,181,207;case against,170-71,172-79,180;currency crisis and directive,117-18;death in shipwreck,179,191,192;directive on Indian tax,118-19,173,177;edict against Raritan Indians,120,173;English refugees to Manhattan and,159-60;letter to Minuit,116;opposition to,139-45,151,154,161,168,170-71,172-79;peace treaty with Indians,161-64;replacement,154-55,165-66,167;tax on beavers and beer,140-41;Van der Donck and,134;War against the Indians and Pavonia massacre,121-28,151,152,172
“Knickerbocker” history(Irving),3
Kremer,Gerhard(Mercator),16,17
Kress,Jack,349-50n.314
Krol,Bastiaen,37,59,65,87
Kuyter,Jochem,139-40;banishment and exile,178-79;case against Kieft,140-41,165,167,168,170-71,172-79;return to Manhattan and decision against Kieft,197-203;wreck of the Princess,survival,179,191-92
Lake Ontario,80
La Montagne,Johannes,114,118,162,184-85,204;Van der Donck's letter to,231
Lampe,Jan,62,62n.
law:first district attorney(schout)or public prosecutor,313-14,349-50n.314;Grotius and international,99;Manhattan,legal system and punishment,61-63,84;“natural law,” concept of,264,345n.264;Van der Donck and American,99-100,103-4
Leete,William,287,289
Leiden,Holland,45,93-102;University of,94,95,97-100,135,178,250
Leisler's Rebellion,309
Le Maire,Isaac,30
Lenni Lenape Indians,38,54
Letters from an American Farmer(Crèvecoeur),313
Levy,Asser,275,300
Locke,John,100
London:Downing Street,286;Great Fire,23;Henry Hudson house,326-27n.13;Muscovy House,15,23;seventeenth-century,13-15,21
Long Island,127;division between Dutch and English,238;English takeover,290;Gravesend,160,262-63;New Albion and claims of Plowden,186-87,338n.186;“Remonstrance and Petition of the Colonies and Villages in this New Netherland Province,” and breach with Stuyvesant,262-64
Loockermans,Govert,106,113,144,170,184,185,197,198,219
Loper,Jacob,207
Lupoldt,Ulrich,111
Luther,Martin,156
Mahican Indians,38,46,52,57-58,87,135-36,141,161
Maine,186;Fort Gorges,186
Manhattan(New Amsterdam,New York City),2;African settlers and slaves,83,84,165,233,273-74,346n.273;as American beginning,3,303;archaeological excavations,196,196n.,337n.172,339n.196;Battery Park,60;beaver on seal,76;“birth certificate,” 55-56;Board of Nine,185,190,193,193n.,194,196,198,199,201,204,207,229,235;Brewer's Bridge,107;British invasion,aborted,261,265;Broadway,60,60n.;burgher status,268,271;canal,266;case of Kieft vs. Kuyter,Melyn,et al,172-79,191-92;chosen as capital of New Netherlands,49,58,81;City Tavern(City Hall),192,196,257,258n.,297;claims of Andrew Forrester,185-86;as company town(West India Company),61-62,81,105,108,113,143-45,233;Corlaer's Hook(Lower East Side),123;cost of living,227;culture,society,lawlessness,prostitution,61,62,64-65,83-85,89,106,111,167;currencies,64,65,76,117-18;Customs Building,60;decision-making,people's demand for representative government,171,172,197-208,221,229,244-45,257-64,265,305;decline(1640),89;deed to,54,55,58;Deutel Bay(Turtle Bay),111,111n.,121;disputation of Dutch claims to by English,73-75,81-82;Dutch linguistic and cultural legacy,269-71,310-18;Dutch retaking(1673)and subsequent to return to British,308,309;early construction,59-60,82-83,104-5,107,126,171;Ellis Island,259;English religious refugees in,158-61;English takeover,3,8,284-300;first kosher butcher shop,300;first minister,64;flag of United Provinces,colors and New York sports teams,183;Fort Amsterdam,59-60,62,122,124,126,127-28,132,140,159,168-69,184,193;fortification,Anglo-Dutch Wars,260,287-88;as free port,64,105-6,107,110,117,194;government,postincorporation,257-64,265-66;Greenwich Village,56-57,233-34;growth,61,82,149-60,171,266,269-70;harbor,104-5,107;Harlem,110,271-72;Harlem River,196;Henry Hudson and,33;immigrants,as landing for,61,309-10,316,317;incorporation as city(1653),257-58,258n.,345n.265;inhabitants,2,5,8,58,61,83-85,86,107,165,234,333n.107;as international port and shipping hub,151,194,195,266,268,303-4,339n.196;Jews in,275,300;Kieft's directive on taxing Indians,118-19,173,177;Kieft's War against the Indians,121-28,151,152;legal disputes and land transfers,126-27,259,271;legal system and punishment,61-63,84,132,169-70,258,264;Leisler's Rebellion,309;lifestyle and rise in comfort,106-8,266,337n.172;location and topography,8,9-10,42,60;merchant class,rise of,105-6,108,126;Mohawk name,Gänóno,42;multiethnic society,melting pot,107,125,258,272,300,302,305,309-10,312,313;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121,122;Museum of the American Indian,60,258n.;Native Americans on,54,58,60,110-12,118-19;New Albion and claims of Plowden,186-87,338n.186;New York City Charter,304-5,315;Noten(Nut)Island(Governor's Island),47,49;opposition to Kieft and Indian policies,124-25,126,139-45,151,154,161,167-68,170-71,172-79;origins of name,33,42;paths,roads,thoroughfares,60,60n.,107,192-93,233;peace treaty with Indians,161-64;Peach War,279-81;people's grievances about rule of West India Company,198-99;petition for political status to The Hague,142-45,143n.,154,170,175,206-8,216-31;political structure,city council,107,114,118,121-22,139-45,176,178-79,193,201,257-64(see also Board of Nine,above);portrait(Van der Donck's),217-18,225;post-English takeover,303;as prototype for America,3,6,258-59,272;publicity in Europe and immigration,228,229-30,235,341-42n.228;purchase of,3,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;renamed New York,300;St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery,6-7,234n.;“Stuyvesant's Bouwerie,” 233-34,266,346n.273;Stuyvesant's directives and laws,169;taverns and breweries,83,106,107,110,111,121,126,127,141,169,172,192,337n.172;tax on beavers and beer,140-41;tobacco trade,194-95;tolerance,policy of,125,159,258-59,273,317;transfer of colony,304-5;uniqueness of peoples,culture,and structure,2,6,8,113,258;upward mobility and entrepreneurs,268-69;Van der Donck as father of,143;Van Rappard documents,53-54;Wall Street,260;wildlife of,42,43. See also Stuyvesant,Peter
Manifest Destiny,302,317
maps and mapmakers,16,17,29;Jansson-Visscher map of colonial America,217,224-25;Mercator projection,16;view of Manhattan,217-18
Maryland,186,187n.
Mason,John,120
Mau,Sijmen Lambertsz,36
Maurits,Prince of Orange,45,101-2
May,Cornelis,40
Mayflower(ship),140
Melting Pot,The(Zangwill),317-18
Melyn,Cornelius,107,139-40,207,219,262;banishment and exile,178-79;case against Kieft,165,167,168,170-71,172-79;return to Manhattan and Prince of Orange's decision,197-203;wreck of the Princess,survival,179,191-92
Mercator. See Kremer,Gerhard
Michaelius,Jonas,64,65,66,71,273
Milkmaid,The(ship),153
Milton,John,249
Minqua Indians(Susquehannocks),182,184,280
Minuit,Peter,48-50,53,54,58-59,62,64,65-66,71,75,81,112,114,157;death,117;letter from Willem Kieft,116;New Sweden and,88-89,114-17,164,181;purchase of land,Atlantic coast,65-66;purchase of Manhattan,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,65,329-30n.49;purchase of Staten Island,56,65
Mohawk Indians,46,57,65,75-81,135-36,141,188-89,295;Agheroense and Kieft's peace treaty,162-63;lawsuit against West India Company,189;Van der Bogaert's journey and,80,331n.80
Mohawk River,8,43,75,76
Moody,Lady Deborah,159-60,165
Muscovy Company,13-15,18,19,23-24,29,327n.14
Native Americans:alliances with Dutch,46-47,59,75-81;alliances with French,76,79;British prejudice against,261;burial of dead,77;cannibalism,47;canoes,196,196n.;Dutch language and,310;encounters with European settlers,42-43,44,75-81,85,106;encounters with Henry Hudson,32,33;fur and other trade items,44-45,75-81,126,179,182,280;Kieft's directive on taxing,118-19,173,177;Kieft's peace treaty with,161-64;Kieft's War,121-28,173;languages,character,culture,50-51,57-58,76-81,119,135-36,331n.80;Manhatesen(or Manhattan)Indians,54,58,60;Mahican and Mohawk conflicts,46-47,52;massacres by,160;massacres of,85,120,123-24,172,177;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121,122;Peach War,279-81;purchase of Manhattan from,3-4,49-50,53,54,56,57,58,329-30n.49;real estate transactions,49-50,51-52,57-58,65-66,87,115,119,137-38,184;“River Indians,” 38;shaman healing ceremony,78-79;smallpox and other diseases,78;stereotypes,135;unification of,127;Van der Donck and,131,135-36,137-38,141,162-63;violence against and retaliation,112,120,123-28,173;wampum(sewant),64,76,79,117-18,163. See also specific tribes
Negro,Jan,83,165
Netherlands(United Provinces):Act of Abjuration,245;American appeal to take over New Netherland from West India Company,193-98,206-8,216-31,240-45;American colony(see New Netherland);Anglo-Dutch Wars,247-50,259-61,265,307-8;“Batavianized” names,125;Binnenhof,145,215,239;Catholic provinces,69;child-raising,94;colonies,empire builders,merchant princes,113,124-25,144,145,146-55,171,212,268;communication system,63-64;coup attempt by Willem Ⅱ,238-40;cultural innovations,25;domination of trade,291;dress,27,211,211n.;Dutch National Archives,Van Twiller letter,82;Dutch Republic,6,26,27-28,70,93,93n.,232n.;economic and political power,25-26;East Indies and,25-26,63,68,71-72,291;England,alliance with,45,67-74;England contrasted with,26,27;English disputation of Dutch claims to North America,73-75,81-82;English political intrigue in,29-30;English seizure of Dutch vessel,71-72,73-74;English takeover of American colonies,294-300;English takeover of slave-trading posts,291-94,299;exploration and discovery,16;flag of United Provinces,183;fur trade,34,35,65,179;geography,26;Gevangenpoort,224,224n.;Golden Age,101,211-13,284,291,310;government,215-16,218-19,221-22,244-45;The Hague,29,56,73,141,145,157,179,215,221,227,230,239;home as personal space,coziness,101;House of Orange and Nassau,222;Indian policy,46-47;inheritance laws,226n.;intellectual and political ideas,171,210,219-21;Jewish community in,26,95,275;language,seventeenth-century,4-5,323;lifestyle,101,212-13;loss of archives of Dutch East and West India Companies,52,55;as melting pot,125;merchant and trade groups(see Dutch East India Company;West India Company);merchant support of Henry Hudson,24;national character,28,126,171;peace treaty with Spain(Munster Treaty,Peace of Westphalia),193,194,207,209-12,340n.209;policy of tolerance,6,26,95,96-97,125-26,274,310;political and religious refugees,6,26,35,45-46,95,125;Protestantism of,45,61,69;religious freedom,96-97,245,274-75;royalist crisis,221-23;settlers for New Netherland from,223,226,228,341-42n.228;slave trade,273-74,291,293;social class and upward mobility,27-28;Spain and Spanish wars,27,29,38-39,45,63,68,94-95,125,144;tulip frenzy,99,99n.;Union of Utrecht(de facto constitution),245;voyage and report of Henry Hudson,31-33;waning of Empire and British takeover,284-300. See also Amsterdam
New Albion,186-87
New Amsterdam. See Manhattan
Newark,New Jersey(Achter Col),127
New Castle,Delaware,282-83
New England:anti-Dutch propaganda in,260-61;Boston as capital,180,181;Brownists,45;emigration from,to Manhattan,158-61;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243,290;Massachusetts,158,160,260,286;New Plymouth,158,260,289;Pilgrims and Puritans,3,61,64,85,96,140;population growth,158;religious persecution and persecution of witches,159-60;Restoration and Winthrop's charter for Connecticut,286-90;Stuyvesant and,179-81,206,235-38,290;United Colonies,158
Newfoundland,17,31,74
New Haven,158,164,180,183,236,236n.,260,286-87,289-90
New Jersey,38,115,269n.,303
New Netherland:accounts of,3-4;Catskills,134,138-39;description,Van der Donck,129-31;Dutch claims to settlement,35,40,43,96;Dutch retaking(1673)and subsequent to return to British,308;early contact with Pilgrims,64;early leaders of,47-50,53,54,58-59,62,64,81-82,108,112-27(see also Manhattan;Stuyvesant,Peter);English takeover,284-300;English threat to,216;first European child born in,41;fur and timber trade,33,34,35,39,44-45,75-81,126,179,182,191;194;geography,8;Hartford Treaty,237-38,243,290;history,recap by Van der Donck,205-6,328n.29;Indian attacks,127-28,160;law and order,103-4;linguistic and cultural legacy,269-71;Mohawk River Valley,8,43,75;populace,2;Rensselaerswyck,102-4,106,108-9,127,129,132,139,189-90,267,310,335n.139;settlement,38,40-49,58,75;size,2,303;transfer of colony to English,304-5. See also Fort Orange;Manhattan;specific governors
New Netherland Project,7,52,312,322-25
New Sweden,88-89,114-17,164-65;flag colors,183;“forest Finns,” 277-79,279n.,316;Fort Christina,116,117,182;Fort Mosquito,182;Fort Nassau,182;fur trade and,182;Johan Printz leadership,182-84;Peach War and,279-81;Stuyvesant and,181-84;Stuyvesant and recapture of,277-79
Newton,Brian,149,174,201,204
Newton,Isaac,97
Newtown(Middelburgh),New York,262
New York,3;archives on Dutch New Netherland,1,4,5-6,9,151,300,319-25,351n.321;Dutch trade under English rule,303;loss of early records,52-53,55,300,319-20;named after Duke of York,300;Netherlands Center,137n.;origins,uniqueness,7-8,300;religious pluralism,276-77;Saw River Parkway,163;State Library,Albany,1;Van Rappard documents,53-54,53n.
New York Harbor,32,104,303
Nicolls,Richard,8,294-300,303,306,313
Night Watch,The(Rembrant),76,112
Nyack Indians,164,206
O'Callaghan,Edmund,49,311
O'Donnell,Thomas,136
Of Plymouth Plantation(Bradford),136
Ogden,John and Richard,126
Oneida Lake,80
Op Dyck,Gysbert,237
O'Sullivan,John,302
Oxenstierna,Axel,88
Pauw,Adriaen,209-11,211n.,241,248,340n.209,343n.248
Pavonia,241;massacre,123-24,125,172,177
Peace of Westphalia,193,194,207,209-11
Penn,William,41,181
Pepys,Samuel,76,286,291
Pequot Indians,85,120
Peterszen,Claes(Dr.Nicolaes Pietersen Tulp),40,328n.35
Philadelphia,181,220
Philip Ⅱ,King of Spain,18
Philip Ⅲ,King of Spain,29
Philip Ⅳ,King of Spain,69
Pia,Pierre,127
Pilgrims,3,61,85,140,301;Brownists,45;early contact with Dutch in Manhattan,64;in Leiden,45-46,95-96;See also Connecticut;New England;New Haven
Plancius,Peter,18,29
Plockhoy,Pieter,220
Plowden,Sir Edmund,186-87,187n.,189,338n.186
Portugal:Brazil and,152,277;exploration and colonization,17,25;loss of East Indies to the Dutch,26;slave trade,61 Princess Amelia(ship),179,191-92
Principle Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation,The(Hakluyt),19
Printz,Johan,182
privateering and piracy,39,63,83,86,106,183,187,194,263;Anglo-Dutch Wars and,259-60;La Garce(ship),187,207;outlawing of privateering,207-8
Purchas,Samuel,23
Puritans,3,61,85,94;America's myth of origin and,301-3,317;English Civil War and,156-58;incursions into Dutch territory,158,164;massacre of the Pequots,85;Oliver Cromwell and,246;theocracy and intolerance,301-2. See also Connecticut;New England;New Haven
Quakers,275-76
Queens,New York,160
Raleigh,Sir Walter,23,34
Rapalje,John,41
Rapalje,Joris,37,40-41,43,44,46,48,58,75,87,105-6,113,121,136,165,299
Rapalje,Sarah,41,127
Raritan Indians,106,119,120,173,206
Reagan,Ronald,157
Rechgawawanck Indians,164
Reformed Dutch Church,275,310
Reiss,A.J.,314
religious freedom,96-97,245,274-75;Rembrandt,40,76,112,328n.35
Remonstrance of New Netherland(Van der Donck),205-6,216,223-25,227-28,263,341-42n.228
republicanism,27,100. See also democracy
Reyniers,Griet,85-86,113,165,299
Rockefeller,Nelson,4,322
Roman Catholicism,156. See also Netherlands;Spain
Rubens,Peter Paul,69-70,157
Russell,Bertrand,6
Russia,English trade,18,34. See also Muscovy Company
St. Beninio(ship),236
St. Germain,Jean,127
St. Martin(island),146-47,151,152
Santa Claus,270-71,314-15
Santorio,Santorio,63
Schaghen,Pieter,55-56
Schepmoes,Jan,126
Schuyler,Cortlandt van Rensselaer,4
Schuylkill River,115,182,182n.
Scotland,157
Sea-Mew(ship),48
Sears,Isaac,320
Sedgwicke,Robert,265
Shakespeare,William,15,18,37
Simmons,Amelia,270
slavery and slave trade,61,83,84,151,165,273-74;English takeover of,293;Royal African Company,293
Smith,Dirck,277
Smith,James,126
Smith,John,22-23,31
Snediger,Jan,127
South America,25,61,63,83;Spanish,Portuguese,and Dutch fight for,144,150-52,277
Spain:colonial empires,25,65,146-47,150-51,277;decline of empire,63;Duke of Alva,attack on Dutch Protestants,125;English-Dutch alliance against,45;English peace treaty with,69-70;exploration by,17;invasion fleet against England(Spanish Armada),18,29;Netherlands and,27,29,38-39,63,68,69,94-95,125,146-47;peace treaty with Dutch Republic(Münster Treaty),193,194,207,340n. 209;Roman Catholicism and,18,27;Spanish Main,83,183;treasure fleet,63
Spinoza,Baruch,26,171,220,310
Springsteen,Bruce,269,269n.
Stael,Michiel,223-24,227,239,341-42n. 228
Stam,Arent Corssen,108
Staten Island(Staten Eylandt),32,48-49;David de Vries farm,119-20,173,173n.;purchase,56
Steen,Jan,94
Stow,John,14
Stuyvesant,Balthasar,208,234,298,306
Stuyvesant,Peter,3,8,9,60;arrival in Manhattan,165-66,167-68;Articles of Capitulation and individual freedoms,305-6,307;aviary,288;Board of Nine and,185,190,193,193n.,194,195,199-200,201,207,235;breach with Long Island towns,262-63;Calvinism and religious intolerance,153,168,169,170,275-76;change of city government and,257;charges of homosexuality against Van den Bogaert,187-89;children,208,234,298;claims of Andrew Forrester,185-86;claims of Plowden and New Albion,186-87,338n. 186;death,306;English comrades,149,174,181,201;English takeover and,287-88,295-300,304-5,324;English threat to Dutch colony and,183;estate in Greenwich Village,233-34;family and background,Friesland,147,148,171-72,233;Farret and poetry exchanged,149-50,152-53,154,336n. 149;Flushing Remonstrance,276;governor of Manhattan,154-55,168-90,199-208,235-38,257,258,265,273-74,275-76,287-88,295-300,324;handwriting,324;Indians,negotiations with,206;justice administered by,169-70,178-79;Kieft vs. Melyn,Kuyter,et al.,170-71,172-79,208;loss of leg,146-48,152-53;mandamus served on,202-3,206;New England and,180-81,206,235-38;New Sweden and,181-84,277-79;ordered back to Dutch Republic and return to America,306;ordinance against depositions,205;political acumen,170,180,184,235-38;political scandal,sale of guns to Indians,203;Rensselaerswyck and,189-90;representative(popular)government,position on,174,199-208,258,265;return of Melyn and Kuyter and case against rule of,197-203;return to Netherlands,recuperation,and marriage,153-55,154n.;St. Beninio affair,236;slavery and freed Africans,273-74,346n.273;States General reversal of ruling against,245,249;States General ruling against,230,234-35,243-45;tomb,7,234,234n.;transformation after loss of colony,306;Van der Donck and,166,175-76,185,189,190,199-204,208,234,243-45,338n. 176;West India Company,service in Caribbean and South America,146-55,168;wife,153-54,154n.,168,169,176,208,233,234;Winthrop(younger)and,287-88,297;wooden leg,154,166
Sweden,61,87-89;claims in America,88-89,114-17
Swits,Adriaen,126
Swits,Claes,110-12,113,121,122,126,165
Swits,Comelis,165
Tappan Indians,56,119,123,164
Tekel or Balance of the great monarchy of Spain...,63
Tempest,The(Shakespeare),37
Tenner,Nicolaes,126
Thirty Years'War,88,125-26,181,210
Thomassen(Tomassen),Willem,77,79,127
Thorne,Robert,20
tobacco trade and markets,194;Amsterdam and,194-95,195n.
Treasure of Health(Van Beverwijck),94
Trenton,New Jersey,181
Trico,Catalina,37,40-41,43,44,46,48,58,75,87,113,121,127,136,165,299-300
Tromp,Maarten,248
True Relation of the Unjust,Cruel,and Barbarous Proceedings against the English at Amboyna,A,72,260-61
Tryon,William,320-21
Turner,John,126
United States Constitution and Bill of Rights,315-16;Flushing Remonstrance and First Amendment,276;
Unity(ship),65,71,72,73-74,88,157
Usselincx,Willem,38,75
utopian community,220
Van Angola,Anna,165
Van Bergen,Adriaen,95,226
Van Bergen,Agatha,226,226n.,262
Van Beverwijck,Johan,94
Van Brugge,Carel(Charles Bridges),149
Van Gampen,Jan Claeszoon,150
Van Couwenhoven,Jacob,197,207,212,213,231
Van Crieckenbeeck,Daniel,46-47,52,54,59,65,87
Van Curler,Arent,108,133,134,138
Van Curler,Jacob,110-11
Van den Bogaert,Harmen,75,76-81,87,111,126-27,187-89,316,331n. 80
Van den Enden,Franciscus,220
Van der Cappellen,Alexander,228
Van der Donck,Adriaen,9;American democratic cause of,131,142-45,143n.,165,198-208,216-31,243-45,258,259,305,309;American,use of word,143n.,172;arrival in America,104-9,112;background and education,intellectual mentors,94-102,210;beaver expertise,194;Board of Nine and,190,195,196,199,201,204,207;case of Kieft vs. Kuyter,Melyn,etal.,170,172-79;Catskill purchase attempted,138;claims of Andrew Forrester and,185-86;death,281;defeat and return to Manhattan(1653),252-54;depositions written by,and Stuyvesant response,204-5;Description of Mew Netherland,136-38,137n.,251-52,281-82;family in Breda,and immigration of,225-26,245,245n.,262;as father of New York,143;in Holland presenting case to The Hague,209-32;house excavated,196,196n.,339n. 196;imprisonment,200-4;Indians and,131,135-38,141,162-63;on Indian women,119;Jansson-Visscher map,217,224-25;land grant(Colen Donck),saw mill,title of Jonker,and naming of Yonkers,163-64,176,195-96,245,290;as lawman(schout)and lawyer,109,110,112,131-32,178,188n.,207,250,253,314,333n. 109;letter to Dr. La Montagne,231;Manhattan activists and,140,141-45,143n.,335n.140;marries Mary Doughty,161,176,337n.161;Melyn's return and decision against Kieft and Stuyvesant,197-203;politics and,176,185,190,195,199,231,264;portrait of New Amsterdam and,217-18,225;as “President of the Commonalty,”190;as promoter of immigration to Manhattan,226-29,253-54,341-42n. 228;release from prison,204;Remonstrance of New Netherland,205-6,216,223-25,227-28,263,341-42n. 228;return to Manhattan and final years,261-65;ship's manifest listing supplies for,245n.;States General presentations,216-18,240-45;States General reversal of ruling and detention in Holland,245,249,250-53;States General victory and recall of Stuyvesant letter,243-45;Stuyvesant and,166,175-76,185,189,190,199-204,208,262,338n.176;Van Rensselaer and,102-3,129,131-34,138-39,141,204;writings,129-31,136-38,137n.,159,163,165-66,167,244,263,281-82,335n. 141
Van der Donck,Gysbert,262
Van der Kemp,Francis Adrian,321-22,35ln. 322
Van Dinklagen,Lubbert,200-1,204,216,235,253
Van Dyck,Anthony,70,157
Van Dyck,Hendrick,172
Van Gastel,Ada Louise,137,137n.
Van Heemskerck,Jacob,29
Van Laer,A. J. F.,53n.,322
Van Leeuwenhoek,Antoni,98-99
Van Meteren,Emanuel,24,33
Van Oldenbarnevelt,Jan,45
Van Rappard,Alexander Ridder,53
Van Rappard,Frans Alexander Ridder,53,53n.
Van Rensselaer,Jeremias,139
Van Rensselaer,Kiliaen,87,88,102-3,108,129,131-34,138-39,141,189,204
Van Rensselaer family,57
Van Ruytenburch,Willem,112
Van Salee,Anthony “The Turk,”86,113,126,127,165,299
Van Slichtenhorst,Brant,57,189-90
Van Tienhoven,Comelis,140,143,166,169,170,173,233;disappearance,266-67;representative to States General,206,227,230-32,240-41;sex scandal,241
Van Twiller,Wouter,82,85,108,113
Van Wassenaer,Nicolaes,43
Varlo,Charles,187n.
Veenendaal,Hanny,137n.
Venema,Janny,57,323-25
Verbrugge,Seth,286
Verbrugge family,106,144
Verhulst,Willem,46,47,49,52,53,54-55,329-30n. 49
Virginia colony,23,31,34,35,72,108,120;Jamestown settlement,195;Manhattan and,195
Vogels,Arnout,36 Vos,Hans,188,188n.
Walloons,40,45,95,114
Waltingen,Jacob,122 Westchester County,269,290
West Indies,35
Weymouth,George,29,31,34
whaling,21
Wickquasgeck Indians,60,111,119,196,196n.;account of death of Adriaen van der Donck,281;murder of,by Europeans,112,123;murder of Claes Swits,110-12,121;peace treaty with,164;trail,60n.,111
Willem Ⅰ,Prince of Orange(William the Silent),27,45,94,95,222
Willem Ⅱ,Prince of Orange,198,222-23,238-40,274
Willem Frederik,239,240
Willett,Thomas,237
William and Mary,King and Queen of England,308-9,320
Wilmington,Delaware,181;Swede's Landing,89
Wilson,Woodrow,302
Winslow,Josiah,289
Winthrop,John(elder),180,181,236,246,285
Winthrop,John(younger),287-90,295,297,304,307
Yonkers,New York,163
Zangwill,Israel,318
Zoutberg(“Salt Mountain”),85