陆谷孙的生死恋
(一)
《英汉大词典》的主编陆谷孙先生现在是上海复旦大学英文系主任。陆先生应科技大学之邀来参加一个研讨会,宣读一篇讨论词典编纂学之成规与创意的论文(Traditionality and Creativity in Lexicography )。陆先生动身前托郑健娜转来他的讲稿给我先睹。他来去匆匆,回上海前夕,健娜请吃饭,我们终於见面聊天了。古今中外编纂词典的词语大师都必须带几分艺术家脾气;wordsmith原是剖析语言艺术纤维的巧匠,向来无暇追求宏观理论体系,一心体贴微观根源脉络。陆谷孙正是一位与字结缘的艺术家:会喝酒;会唱歌;迸两句英语用字发音毫不马虎;吃饺子讲究先吮汁才吃皮吃馅;言谈举止豪放而永远观察得到一桌人的细微反应。我们一见如故,唯一分歧是他不爱吃甜点,我爱。陆谷孙的《英汉大词典》那么成功,还要出《补编》,注定这辈子缠在字网里了("caught in the web of words")。我猜想他宁愿称自己为wordsmith而不是lexicographer。Lexicographer 太辉煌了,不像文人。
(二)
他在他的讲稿里谈到他编词典纯属偶然:一九七零年文革期间他受牵连,意识形态不正确不适合教书,受命编字典以示惩戒,要他接近文字而远离学生,免得他不红不正的思想贻害后学。他说他正是这样给扔进说文解字的大海里,完全不谙水性,沉沉浮浮,慢慢才学会游泳。陆谷孙那段英文是这样写的:“I myself became a dictionary-maker not by purposeful upbringing but by sheer accident. It happened in 1970 during China's Cultural Revolution when I was stigmatized, judged ideologically unfit for teaching, and assigned the punitive busywork of comiling A New English-Chinese Dictionary (NEC) on the assumption that in dealing with words instead of with live persons who were my students my presumably unorthodox thinking would play less havoc. I was thus plunged into the sea of lexicography without having been first taught how to swim. Sure enough, I was all but drowned and had to learn swimming little by little-the hard way.”
(三)
北美词典协会的Thomas Creamer说编字典的人必须是“铁屁股”(iron buttism),靠坚毅的耐力做点点滴滴的长命工作。陆谷孙的编纂工作当然已经进入了电脑代替纸片的时代了,可是,在言谈中,在讲稿里,他说他始终怀念当年编词典过程中那千千万万张手写的资料片。聪明的电脑要靠聪明的人去喂养份。英汉字典既牵涉到“英”的字义语法,也逃不了“汉”的移花接木,电脑帮不了这一层艺术工序。陆先生讲稿里有一个例子说,“henry didn't run home ”,中文可以有三种译法:“跑着回家的不是亨利”、“亨利并未跑着回家”、“亨利跑着不是回家去”。词典例句求简单;没有前后文怎么把意思说清楚﹖“That's about it ”译为“差不多就是这么一回事情”,但陆先生的《大词典》里不能不加一句“(或:大概就这么一些了。)”文字在变,句型在变,英汉词典编纂人天天要留心观察字的新旧起落。这是人与文字的生死恋。“天若有情天亦老”,陆谷孙头发都白了。